The Law Commission of Ontario has released its report, AI in Criminal Justice: Final Report and Recommendations, a first-of-its-kind Canadian analysis of the uses, potential benefits and risks of artificial intelligence across the criminal justice system.
The project is the first in Canada to analyze AI systems and issues across the full lifecycle of criminal justice. Grounded in extensive research and consultation, including input from more than 1,400 people, the report puts forward 29 recommendations for law, regulatory and policy reform.
The recommendations call for a comprehensive provincial framework for responsible criminal AI, including legislation, mandatory public reporting, risk and impact assessments, a public AI registry, independent oversight, rules governing AI evidence, and measures to strengthen access to justice and institutional capacity. Almost all of the recommendations draw on practices, precedents or strategies already in place or under development in Canada and other jurisdictions.
Together, the recommendations offer a practical framework intended to support responsible innovation while protecting fundamental rights, strengthening accountability and maintaining public confidence in the criminal justice system.
